U.S. consumer prices & wages · 2000–2024
Source data · BLS CPI-U
U.S. Census Bureau

The Chart of
the Century

Since 2000, almost everything open to competition got radically cheaper — TVs, software, toys, clothing. Almost everything shielded from it got radically dearer — hospitals, college, child care. “Inflation” was never a single number.

+258%
Hospital services
+182%
College tuition
+82%
Overall inflation (all items)
−98%
Televisions, in real terms
Explore the divergence
01 / The divergence

One starting line, two destinies.

Every category begins together at zero in the year 2000. Press play and watch them fan apart. The red lines are sectors insulated from market competition; the teal lines are sectors fully exposed to it.

2000
20002024
Overall CPI Avg. wages
02 / The ranking

Who won, and who lost.

The full 2000–2024 price change for each category, ranked top to bottom. The dashed guides mark overall inflation (+82%) and average wage growth (+115%) — anything above wages got more expensive faster than paychecks grew.

Shielded from competition
Exposed to competition
03 / Why the split

The same economy, pulling two ways.

The pattern is not random. It tracks one variable almost perfectly: whether buyers, sellers, and prices were free to respond to each other.

Forces pushing prices down

Where competition was allowed to work
Global trade & offshoringManufacturing moved to the lowest-cost producer on earth, and tariffs on most goods fell for decades.
Automation & productivityEach factory worker and each line of code produces far more than it did in 2000, and the savings show up at the register.
Near-zero marginal costSoftware, streaming, and digital goods cost almost nothing to copy. Moore's Law made the electronics inside everything collapse in price.
Real price competitionBuyers can comparison-shop a TV in seconds. Sellers who don't cut prices lose the sale.

Forces pushing prices up

Where competition was blunted or blocked
Third-party paymentWhen insurance, government, or loans foot the bill, the person choosing the service rarely sees or feels the price.
Restricted supplyLicensing, accreditation, certificate-of-need laws, and zoning cap how many hospitals, colleges, and homes can exist.
Subsidized demandCheap student loans and tax preferences let sellers raise prices without losing customers — the subsidy gets capitalized into the cost.
Baumol's cost diseaseA heart surgery or a seminar still takes skilled human hours that can't be automated away, so their cost rises with overall wages.

One honest caveat

These are price indices, not measures of value for money. The BLS adjusts goods like televisions for quality — a 2024 TV is vastly better than a 2000 model, which deepens the measured price drop. Health care and education improved in quality too, but those gains are far harder to price. The chart shows what happened to the sticker; it does not, on its own, settle whether any sector delivers more for what you pay.

04 / The personal test

Are you actually better off?

There is no single inflation rate for a life — only for a basket. Tell the calculator how you spend, and it builds your personal inflation rate from the real category data, then weighs it against your income.

$
$
Start from a life
The verdict
+8.6% ahead
Your income growth+98.7%
Your basket's inflation+83%
Official inflation (all items)+82%